Lo siento no he traducido en español...

# Concrete Cellular Automata

### Some local structures producing interesting randomly-generated rules

#### Captive

• Definition: the local rule $$f$$ is such that $$f(x_1,\ldots,x_k)\in\{x_1,\ldots,x_k\}$$
• ACML command lines:
acml random --- captive true dimension 1 states 6 radius 2
acml random --- captive true dimension 2 states 4 neighborhood vonNeumann
• Related papers:
• G. Theyssier, Captive Cellular Automata
• G. Theyssier, How Common can be Universality in Cellular Auomata?

#### Multiset

• Definition: the local rule $$f$$ is such that $$f(x_1,\ldots,x_k)=f(x_{\pi(1)},\ldots,x_{\pi(k)})$$ for any permutation $$\pi$$
• Said differently, the local rule only depends on the multiset of states in the neighborhood
• For two states, multiset CAs correspond exactly to the so-called 'totalistic CAs'. For three or more states, totalistic CAs are strictly included in multiset CAs.
• ACML command lines:
acml multiset --- captive false dimension 1 states 4
acml multiset --- captive true outer true dimension 2 states 4 radius 1
• Related paper:
• L. Boyer, G. Theyssier, On Local Symmetries and Universality in Cellular Automata

#### Set

• Definition: the local rule $$f$$ is such that $$f(x_1,\ldots,x_k)=f(y_1,\ldots,y_k)$$ whenever $$\{x_1,\ldots,x_k\}=\{y_1,\ldots,y_k\}$$
• Said differently, the local rule only depends on the set of states in the neighborhood
• ACML command lines:
acml set --- captive true dimension 2 states 7 neighborhood vonNeumann
acml set --- captive false dimension 1 states 6 neighborhood vonNeumann
• Related paper:
• L. Boyer, G. Theyssier, On Local Symmetries and Universality in Cellular Automata

#### Color blind

• Definition: the local rule $$f$$ is such that $$f(x_1,\ldots,x_k)=\pi^{-1}\circ f\bigl(\pi(x_1),\ldots,\pi(x_k)\bigr)$$ for any permutation of states $$\pi$$
• Said differently, the local rule is blind to colors and only depends on equality/non-equality verified between states in the neighborhood
• They are always "almost captive" and "almost always" captive. More precisely, the only transitions than can possibly violate the captive condition are those where exactly $$n-1$$ different states appear in the neighborhood ($$n$$ being the total number of states).
• ACML command lines:
acml colorblind --- dimension 2 states 6 neighborhood vonNeumann
acml colorblind --- dimension 1 states 4 radius 3
• Related paper:
• V. Salo, I. Törmä, Color Blind Cellular Automata

#### Generalized cyclic

• Definition: the CA has sate set $$\{0,\ldots,n-1\}$$ and is such that a cell in state $$q$$ can only update to state $$q+k \bmod n$$ or stay unchanged
• The original and well-known family of cyclic CAs by Fisch-Gravner-Griffeath essentially consists in choosing $$k=1$$ and adding a captive condition to the definition above: the cell update only happens when state $$q+k\bmod n$$ is present in the neighborhood. This can be further parametrized by requiring the number of occurrences of state $$q+k\bmod n$$ to be above some threshold.
• ACML command lines:
acml "random cyclic" --- dimension 1 states 4 radius 4 threshold 1 multiset false instability 0.45
acml "random cyclic" --- dimension 1 states 5 radius 1 threshold 0 multiset true instability 0.5
acml "random cyclic" --- dimension 2 states 5 radius 1 threshold 1 multiset true instability 0.75 neighborhood vonNeumann
acml "random cyclic" --- dimension 2 states 5 radius 1 threshold 2 multiset true instability 0.7 neighborhood Moore "forward jump" 2
• Related papers:
• R. Fisch, J. Gravner, D. Griffeath , Cyclic Cellular Automata in Two Dimensions
• R. Fisch, The one-dimensional cyclic cellular automaton: A system with deterministic dynamics that emulates an interacting particle system with stochastic dynamics
• B. Hellouin de Menibus, M. Sablik , Self-organization in Cellular Automata: A Particle-Based Approach

### Intrinsic universality

#### 2D: Banks

• 2 states von Neumann neighborhood
• To my knowledge, no smaller 2D intrinsically universal CA is known
• ACML command line:
acml "fun me howmany -> if howmany 1 = 3 then 1-me else if me = 0 && howmany 1 = 4 then 1 else me" --- states 2 dimension 2 neighborhood vonNeumann
• Related papers:
• E. R. Banks, Universality in Cellular Automata
• N. Ollinger, Universalities in Cellular Automata: a (short) survey

#### 1D: Ollinger-Richard

• next-neighbors and 4 states
• To my knowledge, no smaller 1D intrinsically universal CA is known
• 110 is known to be Turing-universal and P-complete but not known to be intrinsically universal
• ACML source file: four_states.ml
• Related papers:
• N. Ollinger, G. Richard, Four states are enough!
• M. Delorme and J. Mazoyer and N. Ollinger and G. Theyssier, Bulking II: Classifications of cellular automata

### Miscellanous

#### Firing squad and limit sets

• A 'proof-friendly' CA (introduced by J. Kari) solving the infinite firing squad problem
• Related papers:
• J. Kari, Rice's theorem for the limit sets of cellular automata
• P. Guillon, P.-E. Meunier, G. Theyssier, Clandestine Simulations in Cellular Automata

#### Encoding Collatz conjecture

• The Collatz function $$f:n\mapsto\begin{cases}n/2&\text{ if }n\text{ even}\\3n+1&\text{ if }n\text{ odd}\end{cases}$$ can be realized as one step of a CA that essentially multiplies by 3 in base 6
• ACML source file: collatz.ml
• Related paper:
• J. Kari, Cellular Automata, the Collatz Conjecture and Powers of 3/2

#### Small nilpotent CAs

• The maxiamal transient length of a nilpotent CA is not computable from the radius and the number of states.
• Related paper:
• J. Kari, The nilpotency problem of one-dimensional cellular automata
• My best finding for 1D 3-states next-neighbors is this one:
• ACML command line:
acml number --- states 3 base 3 reverse true number 21100002001002012201010
• My small collection of small nilpotent CAs

#### Linear CA via matrix representation

• A linear CA over state set $$\mathbb{Z}^d_{p^k}$$ can be represented by a $$d\times d$$ matrix whose coefficient are Laurent Polynomials over $$\mathbb{Z}_{p^k}$$
• ACML source file: linear.ml
• Related papers:
• J. Kari, Linear Cellular Automata with Multiple State Variables
• J. Gütschow, V. Nesme, R. F. Werner, The fractal structure of cellular automata on abelian groups

Français
English
Español
Inicio
Publicaciones
Investigación
Otros